Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Carthaginian Society Essay Example

Carthaginian Society Paper The key developments and forces that shaped the society can be accentuated through the study of historical and archaeological sources, focusing on he these aspects of its material culture: geographical context, social relationships, gender roles, economic aspects, military aspects, religion, death and burial, government, cultural life and peoples lives. Geography The capital city, Cartage, originally a Phoenician city was believed to be founded by the Queen Dido in BOCCE. The city however was a dependency of Tire until 332 BCC when Alexander the Great conquered Tire. The Trains spared by Alexander were believed to be saved due to their abundance of wealth. They were able to institute new lives in Cartage and established it as the new centre of Phoenician trade. The city began to expand in grandeur and wealth, becoming the richest and most powerful empire in the Mediterranean in less than 100 years. The harbor was immense and the empires realm for trade, providing vast amounts of wealth for the nation. With 220 docks, the Carthaginian trading ships sailed daily to ports all around the Mediterranean Sea while their navy, supreme in the region, kept them safe and, also, opened new territories for trade and resources through conquest. 190501593This map shows the extent of the Cartage empires territory exemplifying there dominance over the western Mediterranean. Social relationships Social relationships throughout Cartage portray a class society, however in its prominence the wealthy culture shows no signs of an impoverished class, besides that of the slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Carthaginian Society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Carthaginian Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Carthaginian Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer From historical records by the Greek geographer Stratton, the population of Cartage is stated to be 700,000. However this figure is believed to be unreliable and excessive, with modern historians estimating the citys population to be closer to, 200,000 people. This would still mean the citys population is extensive, as Rome was estimated to have 150,000 people in its standing. At the height of the Social scale is an aristocracy of rich ship-owners, traders and property owners. This class earned their wealth through their domination and exploitation of Cartages trade and agricultural domains. By studying the archaeological site of Ukraine, the only surviving Carthaginian town not modified by the Romans, it is evident the aristocratic class lived in palace like buildings. The next class is the workers. This class is inclusive of craftsmen, sailors, Dockers, farmers and miners. This class includes a majority of foreigners from Greek and Etruscan colonies from throughout he Empire. This class is believed to have lived in affluent yet small homes. The next in the social scale is the slaves. These slaves were employed, or bought, for servile work in the mines, farms or domestic sectors. Although these slaves suffered harsh conditions, they were conceded freedom of worship and had the possibility of buying their freedom. The Libyan, were the native Africans of Cartage and suffered the worst conditions under Cartage rule. They were classed as free, however they had no civic rights and were forced to pay heavy tax, up to half their harvest. These poor notations led to the revolts of 39 and 379. Overall for their time the citizens of the Cartage Empire had good social relationships, with the exceptions of the indigenous population. Gender roles Gender roles in Cartage were distinctive of the antiquity. It was a society where males dominated the workforce, military and government. Women were expected to do administrative and housekeeping Jobs. Although not allowed to participate directly in the political process, women could engage in religious and economic endeavourers. There are records about women who became priests and also leaders of elisions councils. As the city of Cartage was actually founded by a woman called Elise, or Dido, they were respected by males in the society, which contrast some societies of the antiquity. Economic aspects The Carthaginian Empire relied on trade throughout the Mediterranean. There extensive and prosperous trade allowed the Cartage Empire to expand into the most advanced military and industrial empire of their time. The Carthaginian Empires trade routes spanned the Mediterranean and parts of the Atlantic Oceans, as well as deep into Africa. The Empires main treatys of commerce were with cities f the Iberian peninsula (modern day Spain) and with Britain. From these countries Cartage obtained silver, lead, copper and there most utilities object, tin ore, from which they manufactured bronze. Cartages Naval dominance allowed them to enforce a monopoly on their trade relations. This allowed Cartage to become the largest manufacturer and exporter of bronze during their time, allowing them to maintain power and prosperity for the Empire. Another of Cartages major exports was the extremely valuable Train purple dye. This dye was one of the most highly valued commodities of the antiquity. The dye was found on Togas worn in Roman society. It is used on the toga perpetrate, which was reserved for magistrates and high priests. Broad purple stripes were reserved for the togas of the senatorial class, while the equestrian class had the right to wear narrow stripes. Evidence of the manufacturing of the purple dye can be found at the archaeological site of Ukraine as mounds of shells of the murex marine snails from which the dye derives. As well as the dye, Cartage was famous for its creation of textiles, including finely embroidered silks and its development of glassware. This creation promoted an advancement of Cartages manufacturing of household items including mirrors, cabinetry and beds. Despite Cartages large manufacturing advancements they were at large an agrarian society, as agriculture was the fundamental part of their economy. Their advanced agricultural system included the use of crop-rotation, irrigation and the use of iron ploughs. Cartage also utilities the mainland of Africa as they traded in commodities of salt and timber for prized possessions of Arabian and African spices and slaves. Throughout mainland Africa the Carthaginian traded in markets and stalls. Overall, Cartages economy was the quintessential aspect of its society which allowed the Empire to become one of the most advanced for its time. Military aspects The military campaigns of Cartage were primarily between The Greeks in the Sicilian wars and between the Romans in the Punic wars, resulting in the complete annexation of Cartage. The Carthaginian army is made up of light and heavy infantry, siege engines, skirmishers, light and heavy cavalry, as well as war elephants and chariots. Supreme command of the military was initially held by the civilian Suffuses until the third century BC. Thereafter, professional military generals were appointed directly by the Carthaginian Senate. The Sicilian wars started in BBC against the Greeks of Syracuse. The wars were fought over the contention for Sicily. The first Sicilian war resulted in defeat for Cartage and also the replacement of the old Monarchy with a Republic. The second and third Sicilian wars also resulted in the defeat of the Carthaginian armies and the loss of Sicily to the Greeks. The Punic wars were fought between Cartage and Rome, initially for the control of the city Message. The second Punic war was between BOCCE and BOCCE. This war is famous for Hannibal, the general of Cartage, invasion of northern Italy through the Alps. However this war also resulted in Hannibal defeat in Africa. The third Punic war however was the greatest defeat for Cartage as it resulted in the Empires complete annexation, ending their existence as an empire. The battle was fought in the city of Cartage. Overall Cartages history is a reflection of their excessive military defeats, which resulted in their defeat to the Roman Empire. Religion, Death and Burial Religion played a crucial role for the Carthaginian society, with substantial influence n daily life. Through the examination of sources the significance of religion, death and burial in Carthaginian society can be determined. Religion in Cartage is a direct continuation of the polytheistic Eleven beliefs. The central Gods of the Cartage religion were Tania and Bal Hammond. Bal-Hammond was the God of Fertility and restorer of all energies in the Phoenician colonies of the Western Mediterranean. Tania was Queen Goddess of Cartage, Queen of Good Fortune and the Harvest. Sacrifice was another significant yet controversial part of Carthaginian religion. The reactive of Animal sacrifice and Child sacrifice were undertaken by the citizens. Animal sacrifices occurred during times of poverty and scarceness. It was a belief that only male animals would be sacrificed. Child sacrifice is a controversial part of Carthaginian religion and its importance is debated by historians today. The act of Child Sacrifice in Cartage can be found in many Roman texts. The reliability of these texts however is faulted as they were political propaganda. As Cartage was an enemy of Rome during the Punic wars, Roman texts on Cartage were biased and storied by their inflicting political perspectives. Despite this evidence of child sacrifice can be found at Archaeological sites, such as Cartage Tope, excavated by Lawrence E. Stager, where pits of large amounts of infants can be found. It is believed the sacrifices were made for the god Bal Hammond. It has been noted that these sacrifices occurred through the burning of children, who were then placed in Topes (pits). However many historians believe that the Topes were resting places for the cremated remains of children that died naturally of disease, not children who ere sacrificed. Sergei Rabbinic has argued that the Tope was a child necropolis designed to receive the remains of infants who had died prematurely of sickness or other natural causes, and who for this reason were offered to specific deities and buried in a place different from the one reserved for the ordinary dead. However there are archaeological sites with reliable proof of child sacrifice. Sites within Carthaginian Empire such as Mazda near Sicily revealed the remains of male children under the age of five. There was no evidence of disease in the bones that survived cremation. This has been interpreted as evidence for frequent and prominent child sacrifice to the god Bal Hammond. This is an issue still in debate by historians and archaeologists. On the whole, religion death and burial were important parts of Ancient Cartages society and sacrifice could have played a key role in their religion. Government The government of Cartage was to an extent an oligarchic republic, with some representative and democratic institutions, allowing some public accountability. The Empire was governed by two annually elected Suffers (kings). The suffers were elected from amongst the most wealthy and influential families. They ruled ecologically with a council of officials and commissioners who oversaw certain aspects of government such as treasury and foreign policy. The suffers operated Judicial power, however they did not control the military. There was a Tribunal of the Hundred and four, a body of Judges, called penitentiaries, who formed a higher court, overseeing the actions of politicians and generals. Carthaginian government also had a popular assembly, which was formed as a democratic voice for the people. It consisted of legislators, trade unions and town meetings. This assembly made important sections when the Suffers and council reached a unanimous decision. Overall Cartages stable system of government was a product of the prosperous and advanced nation. Culture and peoples lives The culture of Cartage was dominated by an Urban network of social activities, much like that of Roman society. They had forums or meeting places where people would buy and sell items. Theatre was the popular source of entertainment. Worship was conducted in public and private temples. Baths were a popular leisure activity, however unlike in Roman society where baths are public, in Cartage bath where mound in almost every home, emphasizing the idea that they are for personal health as well as leisure. As stated in social relationships, people in Cartage for the most part, lived good and prosperous lives. Cartages strong economy allowed for high living standards for the time of antiquity. Overall Cartage became a dominating power in the Mediterranean through its strong economy. This allowed the society to prosper with a stable system of government. The citizens of Cartage were also able to sustain fine lives with good working conditions and living standards, with religion playing an important part of their culture.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Cartoon Strip Social Interactions

Cartoon Strip Social Interactions Introduced as Cartoon Strip Conversations by Carol Gray, creator of Social Stories, cartoon strips are an effective way to support the instruction of appropriate interactions to children with language and social deficits, especially children with autism spectrum disorders. Children with autism, or children with other social deficits due intellectual or physical challenges face difficulty with acquisition, performance and fluency in social skills. Cartoon Strip Social Interactions support all levels of challenge. For children who have difficulty with Acquisition, The cartoon strip offers very explicit, visual, step by step information on how to interact. For a child with difficulty with Performance, writing the interaction phrases in the bubbles creates a practice that will enhance performance. Finally, for children who have not attained Fluency, the Cartoon strip will give them opportunities to build fluency and mentor children who are still acquiring the skills. In each case, cartoon strips provide opportunities to acquire and practice social interactions that meet them where they are at. This is differentiation at its best. Using Cartoon Strip Interactions Not everyone can draw, so I have created resources for you to use. The cartoon strips have four to six boxes and have pictures of the people participating in the interactions. I am offering a range of interactions: requests, greetings, initiating social interactions, and negotiations. I also offer these across milieux: many children do not understand that we interact differently with an adult, especially an unfamiliar adult or an adult in authority, than we do with a peer in an informal social situation. These nuances need to be pointed out and students need to learn criteria to figure out the unwritten social conventions. Introduce the concepts: What is a request, or an initiation? You need to teach and model these first. Have a typical student, an aide, or a high functioning student help you model: A request: Could you help me find the library?A Greeting: Hi, Im Amanda. Or, Hello, Dr. Williams. Its nice to see you.An interaction initiation: Hi, Im Jerry. I dont think weve met before. Whats your name?A Negotiation: Can I have a turn? How about after five minutes? Can I set the alarm on my watch? Templates for Comic Strips for making requests. Templates and lesson plans for Comic Strips for Initiating Interactions with Groups. Model creating a strip: Walk through each step of creating your strip. Use an ELMO projector or an overhead. How will you start your interaction? What are some greetings you can use? Generate a number of different ideas, and write them on chart paper where you can refer to them again, later. The large Post It Notes from 3M are great because you can stack them and stick them around the room. Write: Have students copy your interaction: You will have them decide on their own greetings, etc., after they have done one conversation together and practiced it. Student Role Play: Lead your students through practicing the interaction you have created together: you might have them rehearse in pairs and then have a few groups perform for everyone: you can have all perform or a few depending on the size of your group. If you videotape the interaction, you can have students evaluate each others performance. Evaluate: Teaching your students to evaluate their own performance and the performance of their peers will help them generalize the same activity when they are in public. We typical folks do it all the time: Did that go well with the boss? Maybe that joke about his tie was a little off color. Hmmmm . . . hows the resume? Coach and prompt the elements you want students to evaluate, such as: Eye contact: are they looking at the person they are addressing. Do that count to 5 or 6, or do they stare?Proximity: Did they stand a good distance for a friend, a stranger, or an adult?Voice and pitch: Was their voice loud enough? Did they sound friendly?Body Language: Did they have quiet hands and feet? Were their shoulders turned to the person they were addressing? Teach Feedback Skills: Typical kids have trouble with this since in general, teachers are not very good at giving or receiving constructive criticism. Feedback is the only way we learn from our performance. Give it kindly and generously, and expect your students to start doing it. Be sure to include Pats (good stuff,) and Pans (not so good stuff.) Ask students for 2 pats for every pan: i.e.: Pat: You had good eye contact and a good pitch. Pan: You didnt stand still.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Land Law - Essay Example Lenders are required to send a reminder notice or letter of demand if payments are defaulted1. If the payment default is not corrected as expected in the demand letter, the lender should send a default notice, making it clear how he will remedy the default to allow the borrower a maximum period of 30 days as per the date of the note to do so. When a mortgager of residential property fails to repay his mortgage, he will find it difficult, though not impossible to prevent the mortgage from recovering the property and selling it. Mortgage in English law is resulted from two different influences. Its form and origin belong to the common law; the constraints by which it is made to act as security only, belong to the courts equity. The English law states that, if the mortgagor did not pay on the contractual date, he at one time can forfeit the mortgagee and can be sued in contract to for money repayment. Accordingly, the legal right to redeem is very limited. The mortgagee’s right t o possess the residential property is exactly what is expected. By virtue of how legal mortgages are created, the lender is considered as having an estate in the residential land, thus he is given an immediate right to possession instantly the ink dries on the mortgage. Notably, the mortgagee may posses the property at any moment even when the mortgage is not in default, basing only to the provision contrary in statute or in the mortgage itself. In the usual course of events, this right will not be exercised by the mortgagee and will be content to permit the mortgagor to continue possessing the property so long as the terms of mortgage are adhered to and payments are done as agreed. Indeed, the mortgagee could have promised in the contract not to seek possession except if the mortgagor breaches any other obligation or defaults repaying. If this happens, possession may be granted in virtue of the mortgagee’s right, not in virtue of a solution to be requested from the court2. I n this context therefore, mortgaged property can only be taken and sold basing on the procedure of mortgage creation, the rights of the lender, and the rights of the mortgagor. How a mortgage is created Before property is taken and sold, the mortgagee and the mortgagor should both consider the way this mortgage was created. The first step is to involve a mortgage advisor to offer an agreement in principle or approval. This illustrates what the provider will likely be willing to lend, basing on specific terms and conditions. Such a step can be helpful when a mortgagor has chosen his mortgage and the property is to be offered. A mortgagor should never be tempted to overstate his income since he can end up with a mortgage he can not afford to repay. To legalize a mortgage, a licensed conveyance or a conveyance solicitor must be included in this creation so that he can draw up contract, make local searches, and carry out other legal paperwork. Some lenders may refer a mortgage to a spec ified solicitor but a personal recommendation may be a choice. After this, it is important that the property is valuated3. The lender will often have the prosperity valued to ensure that it is worth the agreed upon price. If it’s not, then it will affect the amount to be lent. It is therefore advisable for a mortgagor to get his own survey done as well or to upgrade the valuation of the lender’s survey into a more detailed one. After mortgage offer, the mortgagor’s solicitor can set a date for contract exchange with the seller’s solicitor. A percentage of the buying price is paid by the mortgagor at this time, as a non-refundable deposit and entrust to paying the rest upon the agreed completion time, that is, when he owns the property. A mortgage can be created over a

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

The positive and negative effects of social enterprise to the Research Paper

The positive and negative effects of social enterprise to the community - Research Paper Example This essay will look into the negative and positive effects of social enterprise to the community. Introduction A social enterprise is a business, which aims not only to generate money, but as well to bring about a positive impact upon the communities it serves, the individuals with whom it operates with as well as their own work forces. A social enterprise can hire and pay earnings like a private-sector business; however, its focus is on the environmental or social aim, which differs from that of the private-sector (Dart & Zimmerman, 2004). Therefore, social enterprise entails the quest of business activities to attain a social undertaking. Social enterprise could include a range of activities like community-economic development, profit making activities within a nonprofit corporation, which might or might not be interrelated to the corporation’s services, and an alliance with the private industry (Alter, 2004). When social enterprise mission deviates from the intended missio n can bring negative effects to the community such as its accountability to the mission. This paper will discuss the negative effects of social enterprises to the community. ... Yet again, some imagine that rationalist justifications overlook several of the political and cultural basis and derivations of social enterprises. Economic and rational explanations are deemed to highpoint narrow strategic or economic aims for the structure and existence of establishments while they may have developed in reaction to wider and more intricate structures (Alter, 2004). Institutional elucidations explore organizational atmospheres to pinpoint changes, which would explain the changes in the manner that community confers legality to organizational languages, forms, practices and values. Environmental changes elucidate the advent of novel organizational systems (Dart & Brenda, 2004). A legitimacy typology suggests accounts and effects for the comprehensive development of social-enterprises as well as for its snowballing emphasis upon the commercial attribute of its description. The least theoretical legitimacy level is 'pragmatic'. On this degree, legitimacy is rendered by stakeholder factions when an endeavor affords something of significance (Heeks & Arun, 2009). Social enterprises are pragmatically legitimate since they reduce organizational financing needs or are an innovative resolution to social hitches. Pragmatic legitimacy is alike to rationalist as well as instrumental descriptions of social-enterprise importance. Nevertheless, pragmatic legitimacy states that legitimization might just as freely originate from social-enterprise clients or investors. This underlines the likelihood that social-enterprise is propelled by investor groups and priorities, which strengthen the traditional social-sector dependency upon investor resources

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Safelite Glass Performance Pay Essay Example for Free

Safelite Glass Performance Pay Essay Before executives undertake to design a performance pay plan (PPP), they should carefully think about the objectives that they want employees to pursue. In Safelite case, they want to increase installers’ productivity, create loyalty among its largely transient workforce and combat the industry’s traditionally high turnover rate. A good PPP should address all those problems. PPP should have a good measurement for the performance to the people who is eligible to the plan. They should also try to eliminate the factors which can affect installers’ productivity but not under installers’ control. Otherwise, piece rate will let installers feel unsecure. A potential problem with Safelite Glass’ proposed PPP is that installers could be misled to pursue installing quantities over qualities. One can imagine that poorly installed glass can, over time, adversely impact Safelite’s reputation as a quality installer. That, in the long run, will hurt the company/shareholders’ best interest. The cost for the measurement should not be too high. If incentive plan do improve productivity, it can be self-funded in that profit gains or cost savings can be used for bonus payouts. Before and after PPP installation, surveys are good approach to find out employee’s satisfaction to the new plan. Base on the survey results, necessary changes will help establish a better PPP to build up loyalty. A good PPP should incentive better workers to stay. Overall: be smart, as you get what you pay for.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Stages of Development | 0-19 Years

Stages of Development | 0-19 Years Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth – 19 years. The sequence of development refers to the expected pattern of development of a child from birth through to 19 years. Child development, in turn, refers to the biological, the physical and the emotional or psychological changes which take place within a time-frame as the individual passes through various stages or phases from (complete) dependency to (increasing) autonomy. The term development incorporates the skills and knowledge that children and young people are developing. Children and young people follow a pattern or sequence or order of development, and knowledge about expectations at the different ages and stages, helps practitioners to support development, as well as to identify those individuals who may need additional support or those who may require extension, for example, through a gifted and talented programme. Skills and knowledge and physical growth are all interconnected and therefore cannot be viewed in isolation. Instead a ‘holistic’ approach to development needs to be adopted as these areas are co-dependent. Children and young people need to be able to develop properly in order to reach their full potential. Practitioners should remain aware of the fact that although each area of development is important as an entity in its own right, each area is as important as any other, and also that they all impact upon each other. The areas can be ‘separated out’ as such, but they are reliant upon each other and so if a child does not have the physical skills to turn pages in a book or the language to decode words, then that child will not be able to read. Developmental changes may be influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, events during prenatal development, the delivery and birth itself as well as post natal influences. Developmental change can be due to maturation – genetically controlled processes or as a result of environmental factors, although mostly, there is an interaction between the two. The development of children and young people is a continuous process and can be measured in a variety of ways. Children and young people tend to develop at different rates but the sequence or order in which they develop will be more or less the same. For example, a child will acquire one skill – walking, before developing the next skill in the sequence – running. As development tends to be more rapid in the early years, the milestones are initially quite close together. As a baby becomes a toddler / child and the toddler / child becomes a young person, the milestones can be further apart. It is important to bear in mind that children and young people are individuals, so their rate of development may be different and also development may not progress across all the required areas with the same degree of equality. Sometimes the rate of development can present cause for concern. However, it is essential to remember that each person is unique and this must be borne in mind, especially when examining the rate and development of a child or young person. Generally speaking, development is said to progress from head to toe, from the inner self to the outer self, from simple to complex and finally from general to specific. The aspects of development by which children and young people are measured against are: Physical Development Physical development can be sub-divided into: Fine motor skills (manipulation) involve the coordination and control of small muscles, for example, tying a shoe lace or using pincer grip to pick up crumbs or hold a pencil and mark make with it. Gross motor skills involve the coordination and the control of large muscles and the acquiring of skills such as running and walking, throwing a ball or pedalling a bicycle. These skills require the use of the entire body or at least several parts of the body. Muscle tone and muscle strength are important, for example, if a body has ‘high tone’, the movements may be jerky or appear disconnected and if the muscle strength is poor, the child or young person may not be able to exert much pressure with his hands or legs. The quality and range of movement is also important – does a child or young person move noticeably slowly or too quickly and is the child or young person able to make movements that go from one side of the body to the other (‘crossing the midline’). Physical development is about learning to master movements and this allows a child or young person to become independent. They master the ability to explore and interact the world and environment around them. The muscles in the body need to develop and gain strength and as they do, the body is able to coordinate better. Cognitive / Intellectual Development This encompasses the way in which the brain processes information (remembering names or colours or numbers and information). Imagination (for example in role-play), is also a cognitive skill and cognitive development is strongly linked to communication and language. Communication and Language This is about learning to communicate with other people and understanding their communication in return. Talking, reading, writing and using gestures/body language or a sign language, are all examples of communication and it is essential that children and young people acquire language and a range of vocabulary or sign language skills in order to be able to communicate effectively. Receptive and expressive language are effective tools for communication. As stated above, communication and language are linked to cognitive development (thinking about what others are trying to convey as well as what you are trying to express). Social and Emotional Development This area is about forming and maintaining relationships, understanding oneself, becoming self-reliant, having the ability to make decisions, feeling sympathy and empathy, knowing what behaviour is acceptable, and having the ability to control emotions appropriately. This area is closely linked to cognitive language development. Intellectual or Moral Development This has strong links with cognitive development and is a sub-set of social and emotional development. Intellectual or moral development is about decisions that children and young people take, principles they adopt and their behaviour towards others. It includes a child or young person’s attention span, ability to understand information and to reason, the developing of memory, logical thinking and questioning. For example, Piaget advocated that group games promoted and advanced the moral and intellectual development of children and young people. An adult explains the rules of a game and gradually reduces his or her involvement, allowing the child or young person to regulate the game this allows room for a child to take risks, to make errors and to learn and develop moral understanding and autonomy. Table detailing the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth to 19 years plus Age Intellectual Social/Emotional Language Gross Motor Fine Motor Skills Infant – Birth to 12 months Learns by experimenting with hands and putting objects in mouth. Attaches to the mother and father and begins to recognise faces; smiles. At about six months begins to recognise parents and expresses a fear of strangers. Responds to and participates in simple interactive games. Vocalises a lot more and imitates some sounds, says 2 syllable words like ‘mama’, ‘dada’, ‘baba’. Lifts head, pulls chest up, rolls over, pulls to sit up and crawls or stands either with some or no support. Is able to reach for objects and picks up finger food or toys, like rattles or keys. Picks up small objects like crumbs. Toddler 1 – 2 years Is able to learn words for people and objects and to name some items when prompted. Learns that self and parents are separate, imitates sounds, is able to indicate needs or wants without crying. Is able to say more words and follow simple instructions. Can walk, kick, stop, jump, throw a ball and drop items. Unbutton clothing, build tower with few bricks, mark make, use spoon to feed self. Preschool 2 – 5 years Knows when is tired or hungry, cold/wet or soiled and recognises some colours, numbers, shapes and objects. Able to separate from carer with ease, un/dress with assistance, wash / dry hands, play games. Increasingly independent in toileting and self-care. Follows simple or complex instructions, speaks in simple sentences. Good range of vocabulary. Runs, hops, squats and jumps, pedals a tricycle, balances and co-ordinates well. Pulls self onto play equipment. Builds tower of 7/8 cubes, forms letters and some alphabet and is able to pedal a bicycle. Feeds self. School 5 – 12 years Understands numeracy and literacy concepts, relationships between objects and feelings, acquires knowledge and skill. Increasingly independent, emotionally still attached to its parents, dresses/undresses mostly without assistance, joins clubs and social groups, make friendships. Has an increasing bank of vocabulary, is able to describe his / her feelings, or objects, or materials, is able to school independently. Improved balance, may overestimate physical capabilities, joins in different physically demanding activities. Able to sketch/draw people, copy detail in figures and objects, sew, knit, paint and craft with control. 12 – 18 years Understands some abstract concepts like death or illness or God and religion, and develops an understanding of complex ideas. Experiences mood swings and changes in behaviour, highly influenced by peer group, distances from parents emotionally, engrossed by self-image, may have sexual relationship. Uses increased vocabulary and understands abstract concepts such as grief. These are now fully developed. These are now fully developed. 19 years plus Continues to develop ability to make sound decisions, understands complexity of relationships with others. Becomes independent and develops own lifestyle, chooses career path, develops a social and economic status, may have a partner, become a parent, Continues to develop knowledge, uses increased vocabulary and different styles of language. These are now fully developed. These are now fully developed.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Battle of Trafalgar Essay

The Battle of Trafalgar was the most significant battle won by the British against the combined forces of the French and Spanish fleets during the Napoleonic Wars. This battle also had significant impact on the concept of navigation when it comes to the Naval Doctrine of War. This battle proved that tactical unorthodoxy could win battles; even though you might be outmanned and outgunned by your opponent you can still win battles by deviating from the old Naval Doctrine. This battle was part of a much larger campaign called the Trafalgar campaign which included several different battles that led up to the final battle at Trafalgar. This campaign was a long and complicated series of fleet maneuvers carried out by the combined French and Spanish fleets and the opposing moves of the British Royal Navy during much of 1805. These were the culmination of French plans to force a passage through the English Channel, and so achieve a successful invasion of the United Kingdom. The plans were extremely complicated and proved to be impractical. Much of the detail was due to the personal intervention of Napoleon, who was a soldier rather than a sailor. This was largely because Napoleon failed to consider the effects of weather, difficulties in communication, and the intervention of the Royal Navy. Despite limited successes in achieving some elements of the plan the French commanders were unable to follow the main objective through to execution. The campaign, which took place over thousands of miles of ocean, was marked by several naval engagements, most significantly at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805. The naval doctrine at the time dictated that both sides should line up parallel to eachother in a straight line so that they could engage in battle and bring all their guns to bear against the enemy. One of the reasons for the development of the line of battle was to help the admiral control the fleet. If all the ships were in line, signaling in battle became possible. The line also had defensive properties, allowing either side to disengage by breaking away in formation. If the attacker chose to continue combat their line would be broken as well. This type of warfare allowed each side to fight a battle and then to disengage at any time to minimize the losses to their fleet. However with England under threat of invasion by Napoleon and his grand army, British Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson needed to ensure that the British were in control of the seas. In order to do this Nelson needed to fight and win a decisive battle that would clearly establish Britain’s naval supremacy. However in order to do this he would have to make sure that the combined French and Spanish fleets actually remained in the battle long enough to win a decisive victory. What Nelson planned on doing was instead of lining up parallel to the opposing fleet, Nelson would take his navy and charge at the enemy and deliberately cut the their battle line in two. This type of deviation from normal naval warfare in terms of navigation was unheard of at the time. Despite the risk to the British fleet, Nelson believed that this was the best way to engage the enemy fleet in the upcoming battle because it had numerous advantages. The primary advantage was that this would allow the British to cut half of the enemy fleet off, surround it, and force a fight to the end. This is unlike normal engagements where the battle was often inconclusive due to the fact that both fleets would withdraw before a clear winner could be seen. The plan had three principal advantages. First, it would allow the British fleet to close with the Franco-Spanish fleet as quickly as possible, reducing the chance that it would be able to escape without fighting. Second, it would quickly bring on close quarters battle by breaking the Franco-Spanish line and inducing a series of individual ship-to-ship fights, in which the British were likely to prevail. Nelson knew that the better seamanship, faster gunnery, and higher morale of his crews were great advantages. Third, it would bring a decisive concentration on the rear of the Franco-Spanish fleet. The ships in the front of the enemy fleet would have to turn back to support the rear, and this would take a long time. Additionally, once the Franco-Spanish line had been broken, their ships would be relatively defenseless to powerful broadsides from the British fleet and would take a long time to reposition and return fire. The main drawback of this strategy was that sailing the British fleet into the combined French and Spanish battle line, the British ships would be fully exposed to the enemy broadsides without the ability to return fire. In order to lessen the time the fleet was exposed to this danger Nelson would have to drive the fleet straight into the enemy battle line as fast as he could. This was yet another departure from navigation rules of naval warfare. Nelson was also well aware that French and Spanish gunners were ill-trained, nd would probably be supplemented with soldiers. These untrained men and would have difficulty firing accurately from a moving gun platform. This was in stark comparison to British gunners who were well drilled, and the Royal Marines who were expert marksmen. Another advantage that the British fleet had was that the enemy was sailing across a heavy swell, causing the ships to roll heavily and exacerbating these problems. Nelson’s plan was indeed a gamble, but a carefully calculated one. The battle itself started exactly as Nelson wanted it to. The British fleet was able to successfully cut the French and Spanish battle line in half thus forcing a close quarter’s battle. Despite the huge risk that Nelson was taking his plan ended up working. Nelson scored a huge victory against the combined French and Spanish fleet. He managed to capture over twenty of the enemy ships and inflicted heavy casualties against while suffering few casualties himself. Unfortunately during the battle Nelson was pierced by a musket ball and died from his wounds before he could see the outcome of the victory. Some argue that his loss outweighed any gains made by the British Navy. Following the battle, the Royal Navy was never again seriously challenged by the French fleet in a large-scale engagement. Napoleon had already abandoned his plans of invasion before the battle and they were never revived. This battle firmly established Britain’s naval supremacy over France. In terms of navigation, this battle was very significant. The most important thing is that it proved that following standard navigational techniques during an engagement won’t always win a battle. The best tactic is to be unpredictable so that the enemy has to adapt to what you are doing thus giving you the tactical advantage. This is exactly what Nelson did in the Battle of Trafalgar and it paid off. He proved that sometimes in battle deviating from the norm of battle navigation is the best thing to do, and ever since navies around the world have looked to the strategies employed by Nelson. What is being done today is that naval commanders are being educated about naval history so that they can learn and even employ these types of strategies if they need to in battle. In conclusion, the Battle of Trafalgar was a turning point in which ships would fight naval battles in terms of navigation due to the tactical unorthodoxy employed by Nelson. This battle has had long term effects and even today commanders look back and employ some of the same strategies used. The importance of this battle cannot be underestimated because not only was it the turning point in the Napoleonic Wars for the British in terms of establishing naval supremacy at the time, it was a turning point in naval warfare. Navigation would never be the same thanks to one man and one decisive battle.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Best Buy Case Study Write Up Essay

1. How does Best Buy define customer centricity? The idea behind customer centricity was to be the customer’s smart friend and give a full solution. The sales people stand by the customers and try to find what they really need and what they want. The opposite of this would be product centricity. At this time the electronics were getting easier to use, their interaction required specific knowledge that only a fraction of the client base possessed. In this situation, the used to be advantage of best buy disappeared, and the company tested the first version of customer-centricity by setting up 12 laboratory stores and then rolling out tested concepts in 32 pilot stores. The test were successful very successful. Best buy changed its segments from products such as MP3, TV, or PC to customers like Barry. All these make customers more convenient to shop in the store. Compared to the other stores, Best Buy did not focus on brands but usage. The sales person never asked what do you want to buy, but rather ask what you want to do. In launching customer centricity, Anderson used an autocratic set of power tools and expected swift support from his top team to execute his vision. 2. Is Customer-Centricity the same as customer services? No, the customer-Centricity is not the same as customer service. The difference is that they can contour their sales and service pitch to each individual after they know which category that they fall into. They know from past company stastistics and knowledge about the different types and what their shopping style is like. Customer service is about trying to sell your existing products. The case states also that customer service may be in response to its competitors, and not its customers. Customer centricity mainly focuses on research of customers buying power, purchase preference and customer behavior. It is based on the research that Best Buy has gathered over time. From here, the company can redesign its products, and develop a new marketing strategy and give more suitable service. 3. How does it relate to Consumer behavior? Chapter 10 touches upon things that could be related to consumer behavior. In store decision making talks about spontaneous shopping which is unplanned buying and impulse buying. Point of purchase stimuli is product display or demonstration that draws attention. The salesperson also can create exchange process. This involves commercial friendships. This is basically what customer centricity is about, forming commercial friendships. Chapter 10 also talks post purchase satisfaction which is the overall feeling about a product after someone has purchased it. Chapter 13 discusses income and social class and this is directly correlated to the customer centricity model. The model puts people in different classes. They were Jill, Barry, angles and devils. Chapter 13 goes into detail and talks about how people can be put in classes based on income, education, age, religion, gender, just like Best Buy put these four people into classes to segment them. Best Buy, in essence, used consumer behavior to classify these people. 4. Finally, do you agree with this new strategy for Best Buy? What is its impact on the financial performance? We think that it was a good idea for Best Buy to implement this. It has worked financially and it seemed to have made the company more profitable. From looking at the financials from 2002 to 2004, it appears as though the strategy seems to be working. Best Buy remains at the top of the list for Consumer electronics companies in the United States. Its revenue was 49.7 billion dollars in 2010, which is 18% of North American market share. In the last 5 years, it keeps 25% of gross profit growth. It seemed like it was known that Wal Mart would catch Best Buy as the number one store at that time, but I think this was because of different reasons, like its building of so many new stores and supply chain capability.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Saints and Sanctity

Saints and Sanctity Saints and Sanctity Saints and Sanctity By Mark Nichol The Latin adjective sanctus, meaning â€Å"consecrated† or â€Å"holy,† is the root of a family of words that sometimes but not always have a religious context. Definitions of those words follow. Saint (from the Anglo-French word seint) originally was simply an adjective applied to the name of a person who had been canonized, or officially designated as holy, but it soon became a noun and eventually a verb as well, though that latter usage is rare. By extension, it informally describes a person of remarkable patience or virtue. Saint, in reference to a person or as part of a place name, is spelled out in formal contexts, but occasionally it is abbreviated to St. (In place names, the Spanish masculine and feminine equivalents, San and Santa, respectively, are never abbreviated.) As a surname, it is spelled out or abbreviated according to personal preference (in French usage, it is spelled out and hyphenated to the following word); consult a biographical dictionary for accuracy. Sanctity is the quality of holiness; sanctimony and sanctitude are less common synonyms, though the former is often seen in its adjectival form, sanctimonious, to refer pejoratively to someone who is falsely pious. (The positive sense is obsolete.) To sanctify is to make holy. A sanctum is a holy place; the Latin phrase sanctum sanctorum, meaning â€Å"holy of holies,† has been borrowed directly into English, and in secular contexts, â€Å"inner sanctum† refers to a private place of retreat. Sanctuary originally referred to a building designated for worship (it also applied to a sacred relic or any other holy object), and because some churches served as refuges where fugitives were generally immune from arrest, the word was applied outside of religious contexts to a place of protection or safety, including one set aside as wildlife refuge. The adjective sacrosanct means â€Å"especially sacred† and, by extension, applies to any belief adhered to with great devotion. (A follow-up post will discuss sacred and related words.) To sanction is to make sacred or to confirm or decree; the word also applies, as a noun, to an act of doing so or the confirmation or decree itself. As with other related terms, it also has a secular connotation, and in this sense is a near contronym (also known as a contranym or autoantonym): Sanction means approval or permission, but it also applies to punitive but nonviolent measures one or more nations take to compel another nation to conform to international law. (The word also pertains to something that prompts action or judgment in response to a question of morality.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withUse a Dash for Number RangesPeople vs. Persons

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Life is unfair Essays

Life is unfair Essays Life is unfair Paper Life is unfair Paper Dont you just miss those times as a child when we use to ask for something and get it straight away? The world was controlled by our fingertips. Well, thats what we believed in. But just that feeling of taking control was amazing. Right? Now its the complete opposite. We have to bend on our knees to get something- even that dont work. Reality is unfair. Isnt it? Although, when we got what we want, we would cherish it for the rest of our lives, like a child swimming in sweets and chocolates. That is when we see life in a different prospectus Our society is changing day by day, and making us forget the word respect which nowadays no one is able to find in their dictionary. When I walk outside, the people who use to say hi are now acting as though they have no idea who I am. Isnt that unfair? Me being who I am, I say Hi and in return I get a spit in my face like a scum. Life is just not how we expect it to be. Our environment is slowly turning into a trash can because there is no respect. Dont you think life is just unpredictable? Although, it doesnt always end up like this. I wake up every day with a smile on my face, ready to meet the people who make my day. Isnt that just fantastic? Dont you sometimes get the feeling that life is just perfect? Why wouldnt it be? We make up our society, and bring the brightness upon the environment. I remember those moments of my childhood like a clear glass; running to the park just to meet my friends so we can go out to play. We was like a rugby team, we followed each others footstep from back to forth. Do you remember those moments? I bet you do because life was bright. Its always a classic when your friends go against you for no particular reasons. Oh wait, how could I forget? Gossip- its like the world is being covered by a cloth which no one is able to see the true side of life. Its that unfair? Well, when you get embarrassed and humiliated in front of the whole school because of a misunderstanding. Is that unfair? Yes it is. The environment is being isolated with darkness and unfairness. On the other hand, maybe our society is being seen in a wrong prospectus. We make life fair. Dont we? Have you ever been a victim of a crime? No? Have you ever got punished for a particular reason? No? Then why should we complain. Our life is made up of shiny silver which glows upon everyone. There is always that feeling when you do something for someone, but think whether they will do the same for you. Believe me they do! Every help and support I gave to them, I received the same even more. How does that feel? Amazing! In my opinion I believe life is fair. We make our society and bring the goodness upon all. When you experience a moment, you will always cherish it in our heart and realise that whatever happens- life is fair. What you give, you get, its true! I had so many experiences in my life that, when something negative appears I just think of those moments which changes my opinion about the life we live in.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Therapeutic Horseback Riding and Autism Term Paper

Therapeutic Horseback Riding and Autism - Term Paper Example This paper examines the effects of therapeutic horseback riding as a mode of treating autistic spectrum disorders with a focus on its effect on the physical and behavioral aspect of the child under the treatment program. This study examined the symptoms and behavior associated with autistic spectrum behavior that may change when children suffering from it are placed under the therapeutic horseback riding as an alternative intervention in treating children with autism disorder. In getting the desired results, the research hypothesized whether therapeutic horseback riding is an effective method of treating behavior and symptoms associated with autistic spectrum disorders and the reaction of the children with such disorders. The question as to whether children suffering from autistic spectrum disorder who undergo therapeutic horseback riding report a change in their behavior and physical well-being as compared to the time when they had not undergone the therapy. Therapeutic Horseback Ri ding in Managing Autistic Spectrum Disorder According to a study conducted by Kern et al (2011) amongst forty one children suffering from autism spectrum disorders (ASD), children who participated in the therapeutic horseback riding as a means of treating autism had a reduced Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) as compared to those who did not participate in the program. The study compared participants who either dropped before enrolling in the program while others completed the time under which they were on a waiting list period of three months. Others simply did not enroll in the therapeutic horse-riding program due to reasons or circumstances beyond their... This term paper describes the symptoms of autism, that are unique to individuals and therefore should not be taken as general amongst those suffering from it. However, there are common deficits in the disorder such as delays in the social interaction of individuals, deficits in communication, absence of imagination and repetitive behavior that may go unrecognized by those suffering from the disorder. This term paper states that there is no single mode of treating persons with Autistic Spectrum Disorders nowadays, but there are several ways that have been proposed to suppress the symptoms and capitalize on the experiences and the results, such as therapeutic horseback riding. While there is a disagreement of a known method of treatment for this disorder, animal-assisted programs like therapeutic horseback riding has been proved and adopted as an effective method of treating or curing the autism disorder especially in children as it has demonstrated remarkable improvement in the behavi oral problems and social activity. In conclusion of this term paper, the researcher recommends horseback riding as a therapy for managing autism as it has the overall effect of improving the concentration of the participant, his patience and tolerance and instills confidence in dealing with uncertainties and fears. This term paper also concludes some positive effects of improving communication skills by teaching the rider with ASD how to give instructions and express how he feels.

Friday, November 1, 2019

Hamlet Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hamlet - Research Paper Example True enough, the infuriated king proved to have reacted to the play as a mere act one should enjoy and appreciate. The entire play of Shakespeare is believed to be a retelling of an earlier play based on historical fiction (Friedlander, Theatrehistory), with important changes made in some places. The play within the play would probably be one among these important revisions in the story that gives the playwright his unique view of the circumstances in between Hamlet’s knowledge of the king’s murder and the culmination of his revenge. Being unable to get his father’s ghost as a witness to his own murder, Hamlet acts to be insane and ingeniously devises the plan of the play while he waits and plans his revenge. The Roman historical novel also claimed that his protagonist, Brutus, also pretended to be a lunatic (Friedlander). Other versions of Hamlet before Shakespeare were written though not as popular as the renowned playwright’s adaptation, somehow affecte d the totality of the widely acclaimed play by Shakespeare. Probably, the playing of a historical drama was Shakespeare’s inspiration to come up with the play within his play. It could be that the playwright aimed to show the lessons learned when one sits down and watches his role in this world. As Shakespeare himself said, ‘All the World’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players’ (Shakespeare) and continues to say that all of us have many parts to play in our lifetime. An actor of a play playing his part as an actor could prove to have inspired the playwright, using the reality of which to portray a strong and effective employment of irony. In this respect, the plea of the author for the reader to sit aback and watch his roles he played in the past; is a plea to the conscience. Before the portrayal of the play in the written text, a short summary of what was to take place was narrated (Bate & Rasmussen) so that the reader would understand how it fits in the whole story. However, as the real players watch the ‘play’, the playing of their roles still continues with conversations done in between the portrayal of the ‘play’. I can say that this is a literary style of Shakespeare to hold his reader’s attention. Simply reading across the lines can leave the reader confused with which scene is being ‘acted out’ and which is being acted out. That would be, determining which scene is the real act and which is the play in the play. Concentration is needed from the reader in order for him to follow the trail of the story and not get lost. This would also be a style used to let the reader think as he continues with the story. Having read the summary of the play in the play, a reader can basically know how the act would go however, conversations of the ‘real’ players hold the reader’s attention to the text. It presents a seemingly mathematical problem to be solved by the reader as one devotes more attention to how the story goes. In proving the guilt of the king, Shakespeare’s use of the play within the play as a speaker to the former’s conscience elicited the response perceived by Hamlet as a proof of guilt. This method of the writer to move towards the climax of his story seems to be his unique version of the play as we have mentioned earlier that the whole legend was not the original concept of Shakespeare. However, coming up with a